The group’s founding was primarily the initiative of German finance minister Hans Eichel, and finance ministers convened every year to discuss international economic policy issues and promote international financial stability.

On the initiative of US President George W. Bush’s administration, the G20 finance ministers meeting was elevated to the level of leaders, and the first G20 summit was held in November of 2008. The call for more immediate action by heads of state was due to the collapse of global stock markets that year. The first high-level G20 group assembled in Washington, DC, giving Saudi Arabia a chance to demonstrate its global leadership and showcase its economic importance.

“Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Abdullah called for greater international cooperation and coordination to offset the impact of the financial crisis.”

From a story by Barbara Ferguson on Arab News’ front page, Nov. 16, 2008

During my first semester as a masters of public health student in Europe in 2008, I kept up with all news related to Saudi Arabia and followed the G20 summit with great interest as it was up to the leader of our nation to show the global community its commitment to its partners and the world. 

As a young Saudi, I lived through some of the early reforms by King Abdullah after he became ruler in 2005. I was a witness to the economy’s boom, a result of the reforms to development infrastructure in the Kingdom. Later, as an Arab News reporter in 2019, I traveled to Tokyo and reported from the T20 (Think 20) Tokyo Summit, one of the G20’s engagement groups.

To understand the G20, you have to understand the T20. It is the intellectual backbone connecting bridges between policy recommendations, called Task Forces (TF), of successive G20 presidencies. Annual summit topics include trade, climate change, terrorism and gender equality. 

I met with heads of Saudi think tanks and researchers at the meeting and spoke about their proposals, many of which would be adopted in the next presidency chaired by Saudi Arabia in 2020. The proposed TFs are selected carefully, as the head of the Saudi T20 delegation, Dr. Fahad Al-Turki, was kind enough to describe it as “a collective effort to ensure continuity” and not break the cycle that first began in 2012, when the T20 engagement group was launched.

For two days I read papers and spoke to heads of research centers from my home country, Japan, Argentina, the US and Japan, sitting through sessions that were open to the public, and read the final communique. I now know more. The G20 is not just simply a gathering of leaders: It is a village of ministers, heads of agencies, researchers, economists, mayors (yes, mayors) and scientists that have set up important policies in order to have more control over their economies while assisting challenged and poorer economies.

Going back to 2008, for two days behind closed doors in Washington, world leaders discussed financial market woes and discussed ways to bounce back, before finally gathering for the first ever “family portrait.”

The G20 is not just simply a gathering of leaders: It’s a village of ministers, heads of agencies, researchers, economists, mayors (yes, mayors) and scientists.

Rawan Radwan

In Arab News’ Nov. 16 edition, it was reported that King Abdullah called for greater international cooperation and coordination to offset the impact of the financial crisis. He emphasized “the need to develop effective monitoring systems” and called on the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to play a greater role in supervising the financial sectors of developed countries.

His speech came at a time when the Kingdom was going through various reforms to modernize the country’s business environment, which resulted in the country climbing from 35th to 27th place in rising global economies, moving up to 10th place among the top 40 a few years later.

King Abdullah pledged to provide assistance to developing countries “with the amount it provides exceeding the percentage established by the UN for assistance from industrial countries,” a role the Kingdom has played for years, even before it joined the G20.

The significance of Saudi Arabia’s participation at the first G20 leaders’ summit is that it not only showed that it plays a role in the global market, but also demonstrated the Kingdom’s responsibility to become a voice for the region and the developing world.

Despite its relatively short history, the G20 lay the foundation for stable and rational relations in continuation of the efforts of the G7.

To ensure regional balance over time, the G20 presidency rotates annually according to a system that reflects its nature as an informal political forum. 

A little over a decade later, Saudi Arabia assumed the G20 2020 presidency on Dec. 1, 2019. The 2020 G20 Riyadh summit will be the 15th meeting for the G20 member states at a time when the world is facing yet another crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, which is set to decimate economies even more than the 2008 global financial crisis.

With the difficulties the world is currently facing with the pandemic, King Salman conducted an extraordinary virtual summit on March 26 with the G20 leaders to advance a coordinated response. It was part of a continued effort by the Kingdom’s leadership to play its role in stabilizing the economies of the world, as there is no returning to normal after COVID-19, but with a united front there is a path forward.

• Rawan Radwan, Arab News’ regional correspondent based in Jeddah, reported from the T20 (Think 20) Tokyo Summit, one of the G20’s engagement groups.